El absoluto es superación de la distinción entre sujeto y objeto, no sólo en la perspectiva clásica, sino en la del mismo idealismo alemán; a medida que existe un sujeto existe también el objeto y a la inversa, lo cual significa que todo conocimiento es autoconocimiento. Para Hegel el espíritu del pueblo da plenitud al individuo. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Twentieth-century interpretations of Hegel were mostly shaped by British idealism, logical positivism, Marxism and Fascism. La historia se desenvuelve en el terreno del espíritu. Sólo un conocimiento total y que sepa la totalidad de un modo absoluto merece, según Hegel, el nombre de verdadero conocimiento él lo llama ciencia. "Why did Hegel not become for the Protestant world something similar to what Thomas Aquinas was for Roman Catholicism?" He is considered one of the fundamental figures of modern Western philosophy, with his influence extending to the entire range of contemporary philosophical issues, from aesthetics to ontology to politics, both in the analytic and continental tradition. Hegel was fascinated by the works of Kant, Rousseau and Johann Wolfgang Goethe and by the French Revolution. And debates about the nature of logic were intertwined with competition to inherit the mantle of Kant and with it the future direction of German philosophy. While it appears that he felt that a civil society, such as the one in which he lived, was an inevitable step in the dialectic, he allowed for the crushing of other "lesser," not fully realized civil societies as they were not fully conscious of their lack of progress. Para Hegel la razón rige el mundo y, por tanto, la historia ha transcurrido racionalmente. Suele interpretarse como la superación del conflicto, la negación de la negación anterior. Los orientales no saben que el hombre como tal es libre, y, como no lo saben, no lo son. Each is avowedly influenced by the late Wilfred Sellars, also of Pittsburgh, who referred to his Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind (1956) as a series of "incipient Méditations Hegeliennes" (in homage to Edmund Husserl's 1931 Méditations cartésiennes). The direct and indirect influence of Kojève's lectures and writings (on The Phenomenology of Spirit in particular) mean that it is not possible to understand most French philosophers from Jean-Paul Sartre to Jacques Derrida without understanding Hegel. Just as humans continually correct their concept of reality through a dialectical process, God becomes more fully manifested through the dialectical process of becoming. [59]:337, In 1811, Hegel married Marie Helena Susanna von Tucher (1791–1855), the eldest daughter of a Senator. Occidente: Grecia y Roma. Este proceso es el mismo que el desenvolvimiento de la verdad parcial hacia la totalidad hasta llegar a la Verdad total. [129], The Left Hegelians also influenced Marxism, which has in turn inspired global movements, from the Russian Revolution, the Chinese Revolution and myriad of practices up until the present moment.[129]. Rather than simply rejecting Kant's dualism of freedom versus nature, Hegel aims to subsume it within "true infinity", the "Concept" (or "Notion": Begriff), "Spirit" and "ethical life" in such a way that the Kantian duality is rendered intelligible, rather than remaining a brute "given". Today this faction continues among conservative Protestants, such as the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod, which was founded by missionaries from Germany when the Hegelian Right was active. Ha sido necesario un largo proceso de desarrollo de los pueblos antes del reconocimiento explícito de la libertad. [96], "Mind" and "Spirit" are the common English translations of Hegel's use of the German "Geist", which combines the meaning of spirit—as in god, ghost, or mind—with an intentional force. The eternity of spirit is here brought into consciousness, and is found in this reasoned knowledge, in this very separation, which has reached the infinitude of being-for-self, and which is no longer entangled in what is natural, contingent, and external. Hegel's categories are, in part, carried over from his Lectures on the History of Philosophy. [141] In a similar vein, Robert Pippin notes that some view Hegel as having "the ugliest prose style in the history of the German language". La realidad en cuanto dialéctica está, pues, regida y movida por la contradicción, internamente relacionada y constituida como oposición de contrarios. [131] Believing that the traditional description of Hegel's philosophy in terms of thesis–antithesis–synthesis was mistaken, a few scholars like Raya Dunayevskaya have attempted to discard the triadic approach. [59][77] His last words are said to have been, "There was only one man who ever understood me, and even he didn't understand me. [59]:4, At the age of three, Hegel went to the German School. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German philosopher and the most important figure in German idealism. In 1776, he entered Stuttgart's gymnasium illustre and during his adolescence read voraciously, copying lengthy extracts in his diary. Finite things do not determine themselves because, as "finite" things, their essential character is determined by their boundaries over against other finite things, so in order to become "real" they must go beyond their finitude ("finitude is only as a transcending of itself").[94]:145. El entendimiento para Kant sólo alcanzaba a los fenómenos, a lo finito y limitado. El concepto de subjetividad vendrá a significar, en último término, una crítica y un opuesto al concepto positivización que puede hacerse de la vida político – social. Esta concepción se opone a la interpretación empírica de la experiencia. From the time of Leibniz to the widespread adoption of Frege's logic in the 1930s, every standard work on logic consisted of three divisions: doctrines of concept, judgment, and inference. De este modo, cada realidad particular remite a la totalidad, al todo, y sólo puede ser comprendida y explicada en relación al todo. Y siendo el Sujeto del saber, en último término, pensamiento, razón o idea, la reducción al sujeto, la reducción del ser al pensar, convierte la filosofía hegeliana en un idealismo absoluto. [147], Voegelin argued that Hegel should be understood not as a philosopher, but as a "sorcerer", i.e. [134] American neoconservative political theorist Francis Fukuyama's controversial book The End of History and the Last Man (1992) was heavily influenced by Kojève. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, nado en Stuttgart (Baden-Württemberg) o 27 de agosto de 1770 e finado o 14 de novembro de 1831 en Berlín, foi un filósofo alemán e un importante persoeiro do idealismo alemán.Acadou gran sona no seu tempo e, aínda que influíu principalmente na tradición continental da filosofía, volveuse tamén cada vez máis influente na tradición analítica [1]. The mystical writings of Jakob Böhme had a strong effect on Hegel. En 1797 consiguió un cargo similar en Frankfurt, pero dos años más tarde su padre falleció, dejándole un legado cuya cuantía económica le permitió abandonar su trabajo como tutor. The triadic form that appears in many places in Hegel (e.g. Suele interpretarse la tesis como una afirmación cualquiera, una realidad, un concepto. Hegel's posthumous works have had remarkable influence on subsequent works on religion, aesthetics, and history because of the comprehensive accounts of the subject matters considered within the lectures, with Heidegger for example in Poetry, Language, Thought characterizing Hegel's Lectures on Aesthetics as the "most comprehensive reflection on the nature of art that the West possesses—comprehensive because it stems from metaphysics."[123]. Also in 1797, the unpublished and unsigned manuscript of "The Oldest Systematic Program of German Idealism" was written. [140] The physicist and philosopher Ludwig Boltzmann also criticized the obscure complexity of Hegel's works, referring to Hegel's writing as an "unclear thoughtless flow of words". According to their argument, although Hegel referred to "the two elemental considerations: first, the idea of freedom as the absolute and final aim; secondly, the means for realising it, i.e. Para Hegel, por su propia concepción de la filosofía como el conocimiento efectivo de lo que es en verdad, la teoría acerca de la realidad requiere indagar lo que es el conocimiento, el saber, el pensar recuérdese que la relación ser – pensar ha sido una cuestión fundamental a lo largo de la historia de la filosofía. Se produce la reconciliación de la escisión sujeto – objeto = individuo – colectividad. 2012 Hegel: Lectures on Philosophy. To his chagrin, Fries was, in the same year, made Ordinary Professor (salaried).[59]:224–25. Like Plato, with his dualism of soul versus bodily appetites, Kant pursued the mind's ability to question its felt inclinations or appetites and to come up with a standard of "duty" (or, in Plato's case, "good") which transcends bodily restrictiveness. American philosophers associated with this movement include Lawrence Stepelevich, Rudolf Siebert, Richard Dien Winfield and Theodore Geraets. Skupaj s Fichtejem in Schellingom je bil utemeljitelj nemškega objektivnega idealizma.Razvil je tehniko dialektičnega mišljenja, bistvo katerega je nadrobno prikazano v Fenomenologiji duha. With the possible exception of the study of inference, what was called "logic" in nineteenth-century Europe (and so Hegel's Logic) bears little resemblance to what logicians study today. Hegel's influence was immense in philosophy and other sciences. In particular, Russell considered "almost all" of Hegel's doctrines to be false. ), The Oldest Systematic Program of German Idealism, The Difference Between Fichte's and Schelling's Systems of Philosophy, Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel bibliography, Enzyklopädie der philosophischen Wissenschaften, Vorlesungen über de Geschichte der Philosophie, "Adam Smith's Influence on Hegel's Philosophical Writings", Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, "Duden | He-gel | Rechtschreibung, Bedeutung, Definition", "Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der Philosophie", "MDZ-Reader – Band – Von den Beweisen für die Unsterblichkeit der menschlichen Seele im Lichte der spekulativen Philosophie / Göschel, Carl Friedrich", "Hegel and Clausewitz: Convergence on Method, Divergence on Ethics", On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason, « Der Instinkt der Vernünftigkeit » and other texts, Hegel, as the National Philosopher of Germany (1874), "The Life of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel", Scans of all (original, German) books from Hegel (all editions) between 1807 and 1850 as PDFs at hegel.net, Works by or about Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Relationship between religion and science, Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel&oldid=991145833, People educated at Eberhard-Ludwigs-Gymnasium, Articles with Latin-language sources (la), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016, Articles needing additional references from August 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2017, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Francke, Kuno, Howard, William Guild, Schiller, Friedrich, 1913–1914, This page was last edited on 28 November 2020, at 14:33. Hijo de un funcionario de la hacienda pública, Hegel creció en un ambiente de pietismo protestante y estudió a los clásicos griegos y latinos mientras estuvo en el gymnasium (escuela secundaria) de su ciudad natal.
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